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互联网起源、搜索引擎营销历史与概述，先放这些吧，以后逐渐翻译添加 Powered By wikiHistory of the Internet The earliest idea of a computer network intended to allow general communication between users of various computers was the ARPANET, the world's first packet switching network, which first went online in 1969. The Internet's roots lie within the ARPANET, which not only was the intellectual forerunner of the Internet, but was also initially the core network in the collection of networks in the Internet, as well as a important tool in developing the Internet (being used for communication between the groups working on internetworking research). Early Internet Work Kahn recruited Vinton Cerf to work with him on the problem, and they soon worked out a fundamental reformulation, where instead of the network being responsible for reliability, as in the ARPANET, the hosts became responsible. Cerf credits Herbert Zimmerman and Louis Pouzin (designer of the CYCLADES network) with important influences on this design. With the role of the network reduced to the bare minimum, it became possible to join almost any networks together, no matter what their characteristics, thereby solving Kahn's initial problem. (One popular saying has it that TCP/IP, the eventual product of Cerf and Kahn's work, will run over "two tin cans and a string".) A computer called a gateway (a name later changed to router to avoid confusion with a number of other kinds of devices, also called gateways) is provided with an interface to each network, and fowards packets back and forth between them. Happily, this new concept was a perfect fit with the newly emerging local area networks, which were revolutionizing communication between computers within a site. Growth The early Internet, based around the ARPANET, was government-funded and therefore restricted to research use only. Commercial use was strictly forbidden. This initially restricted connections to military sites and universities. During the 1980s, as the TCP/IP protocols (developed by Vint Cerf and others) replaced earlier protocols like NCP, the connections expanded to more colleges and even to a growing number of companies such as Digital Equipment Corporation and Hewlett-Packard who were participating in research projects. Regional TCP/IP-based networks such as NYSERNet (New York State Education and Research Network) and BARRNet (Bay Area Regional Research Network) grew up and started interconnecting with the ARPANET. This greatly expanded the reach of the growing network, and to a great extent was the point where the ARPANET turned into the Internet. At the end of the 1980s, the US Department of Defense decided the network was developed enough for its initial purposes, and decided to stop further funding. The US National Science Foundation, another branch of the US government, took over responsibility for the core Internet backbone. In 1989 the NSFNet backbone was established, the US military broke off as a separate MILNET network, and the ARPANET was shut down. A Brief History of Search Engine Marketing on the Web BY Gradiva CouzinThe Spam Days Gradually, search engines started recognizing spam and penalizing accordingly. Unscrupulous search engine optimizers were continually trying to find new and ingenious ways to "fool" the indexing algorithms, and were always one step behind the search engines. Clearly, search engines needed to find a way to index pages that took control away from the spammers and auto-submitters. Many began to try different ways of indexing. Incorporating Off-page Information Another way to utilize the intelligence of the masses is to rank pages based on how many other pages are linked to it. This is called "link popularity" and remains a huge factor in ranking. Both of the above parameters are known as "off-the-page" factors because they are factors that are not directly based on the content on your Web page. The appeal of "off-the-page" factors is that spam efforts do not influence them. Community-Edited Directories Simultaneously with the rise of "off-page" ranking (mid-1999) came community-edited directories. The "community-edited" paradigm allows for thousands of editors, organized in a system of self-governance, to constantly improve and add to a directory. The Netscape Open Directory was the first of these, and the (now defunct) Go.com directory was another early leader. Zeal.com, which feeds results into Looksmart.com and MSN search, is a newer addition to this category. The Netscape Open Directory had the additional bright idea of being open source. All of the content in their directory is available to any developer who wants to create a portal or improve the quality of his or her search engine. The result is that in the year 2000, listings from Open Directory started showing up on almost every major search engine. The marriage of size and quality has made community-edited directories an important element in the search world. Human-edited directories in general tend to play the role of "searcher advocate", since they produce very relevant results for any given search. With the rise in importance of directory listings in 2000, search engine marketers began to concentrate on optimizing their sites for focused, targeted, quality content. Paid Listings Additionally, in 2001 most directories and search engines introduced various payment models for listing submittals: submittal fees for major human-edited directories, indexing fees for the major spiders, and several different types of ad placement opportunities. Yahoo introduced a one-time submittal fee, which was later changed to a yearly submittal fee. Looksmart switched from a one-time submittal fee to a PPC model. Major spiders Inktomi, Altavista, and FAST search introduced paid inclusion models - a yearly fee that ensures a site will be listed and regularly re-spidered. Google's rise to prominence With Google's success, several other search engines are attempting to follow its lead: Altavista, Teoma, and FAST search are competitors that present simple, quick search results. It remains to be seen whether these will succeed in chipping away any of Google's monopoly. Hybridization and Partnerships 2002 marked several major purchases among search engines: Yahoo purchased Inktomi, Overture purchased FAST, Google purchased Blogger.com, and there were also many shifts in search engine partnership contracts. For a complete chart of search engine partnerships, see Search Engine Watch . Search Engine Marketing Today Some of today's best approaches:
The Future of Search Engine Marketing At the same time, corporate mergers and the old-fashioned "highest-bidder" approach are making search engine marketing feel more and more like traditional print advertising. We at Fine Brand feel that the future of search engine marketing will be a two-pronged approach: part paid advertising and part public relations. The site optimization techniques of 1998-1999 will be only a very small portion of site marketing. That is why we prefer to call our services "Web site visibility" or "Search Engine Marketing" rather than "Search Engine Optimization." When all is said and done, it is the visibility of your Web site to your target audience that matters, not your site rank on a search engine. |
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网络营销|电子商务 The network marketing| electronic commerce |
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| 搜索引擎溯源 | 网络支付信用 |
| 信息技术应用 | 网络营销工具 |
| 网络营销资讯 | 营销解决方案 |
| 流量统计分析 | |
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搜索引擎排名服务 Search the engine ranks the service |
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| Google排名 | 搜狐推广 |
| Baidu推广 | 网易推广 |
| 新浪推广 | 海外搜索引擎介绍 |
| 雅虎推广 | 搜索引擎综合推广 |
| 相关连接 Related links |
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| 网络营销 | 网络广告 |
| 搜索引擎排名 | 搜索引擎营销 |
| 搜索引擎推广 | 搜索引擎优化 |
| 网页制作 | 网站设计 |
| 网站登录 | 网站管理 |
| 网站维护 | 搜索引擎登录注册 |
| SEO培训 | Google推广 |
| Google优化 | Google代理 |
| Google广告 | 网站推广 |
| 网络营销 | 虚拟主机 |
